Showing posts with label body fat index. Show all posts
Showing posts with label body fat index. Show all posts

Thursday, July 26, 2007

From Weight Loss to Real Fitness: Reflections at the Crossroads

I’ve been traveling, meeting the new grandson, attending my 40th high school class reunion, and taking care of some things that I can’t attend to during the school year. Now I’m back and my blog will change its focus from weight loss to weight maintenance and bodybuilding. I will still concentrate on, and share, my low fat, and low sodium recipes.

Who I am and How I Got Here


I am a 57 year old male and the chair of the computer department at a small rural community college in Arkansas. I live on 60 acres in the heart of the Ouachita Mountains in southwest Arkansas with my wife Sandy, two Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Sheets and Jackson, and several cats. When I stepped on the scales at the fitness center January 3, 2007, I was shocked to find that I weighed 10 pounds more than when I had previously thought I was really fat, 210.25 pounds. More importantly, my blood pressure was 181/118 and this was the lowest of three measurements by three different people. I have never been a dieter but this time I set as my goal to see whether I could lower my blood pressure through diet, weight loss, and exercise.


Initially my target weight was 155 because that would have put me at the pre-1998 Body Mass Index (BMI) normal level and, as I work out regularly, I felt the current BMI was inappropriate to measure of my progress. I have since shifted to using body fat as measured by skin-fold testing to set my goals. On that basis, my first goal was 159 pounds and I am now shooting for an 18% body fat percentage which, by the way, may be accompanied by an actual increase in weight but a drop in body fat (muscle weights more than fat). On May 18 my body fat was 22.4% (I weighed 166 pounds), and on June 19 at a weight of 160.3 pounds, my body fat was 20.9%. My weight reached 155 pounds in early July. My blood pressure is now low normal without medication as well.


My Weight Loss Program


I have never trusted fad diets and felt that as I needed a combination of low calorie, low sodium, and low fat to meet my health goals, I would have to come up with my own program. I consulted the Mayo Clinic weight calculators and they recommended 1400 calories per day for me for weight loss. I decided to try to keep my daily sodium intake under 1500 mg and the percentage of daily calories from fat under 20%. In order to keep track of all this, I devised my own spreadsheet using Excel. I used, and continue to use, the USDA nutrient database. I have since discovered that there are a number of good web sites where you can register for free and keep track of these nutrients online. This program fit my head-on style and allowed me to take complete control over my diet and my health.


Now that I have reached my goal, I have increased my calorie limit from 1400 to 1800. I am actively increasing my daily protein intake from an average of about 70 grams per day, to a body builder’s 160 grams per day.


Exercise Program


I enjoy walking, gardening, and yard work but because of the focused nature of my program, I followed a more structured regimen at the Ouachita Rehabilitation and Fitness Center, working out 3-5 days per week. My workout consisted of a 10 minute warm-up on the treadmill followed by two circuits of strength (weight) training and ending back on the treadmill for 20 minutes followed by a 5 minute cool down. I spent a total of 35 minutes on the treadmill and alternated days of strength training focusing on upper body one day and lower body the next. This workout took about an hour and ten minutes.


After being referred to as “small” twice in one week, I decided that I needed to add some significant muscle. I hadn’t been called small since public school days. The real benefit of muscle is that it is more metabolically active than fat and takes more calories to maintain. With the advice of my exercise physiologist, I have changed my strength training from “strength-endurance” to strength. While the cardio (treadmill) portion stays the same, the strength portion involves three sequential sets of decreasing repetitions (12, 10, and 8) and increasing weight at each machine, while allowing recovery time between rep sets. My workout now takes over an hour and a half. When school starts next month, I will probably have to make some modifications.


The most insidious obstacle I face is my own head and my body image. I continue to struggle with the person in the mirror. Until recently I saw myself as still fat and large, and have had to overcome the cognitive dissonance created by my perception and the perceptions of the outside world. I have been called “small” and “the incredible shrinking man” by acquaintances. I wear size 34 belts and slacks rather than the size 40s I wore for decades, and my shirt size has gone from extra large to medium. If I don’t get in synch with this new reality, my subconscious has the power “solve” the dissonance problem by sabotaging my weight loss. Body building is one way that I can still be substantial while at the same time healthy. Stay tuned.


Supplements


To get my protein consumption up to one gram per pound of body weight, I am spacing chocolate whey protein shakes (23 g protein per scoop) mixed with water, as needed throughout the day. This will feed muscle growth. I have also added 5 g of creatine split between pre and post workout along with amino acids (taurine, arginine, and a few others) and dextrose. The creatine helps increase endurance, muscle fiber size, and decrease recovery time. After a workout, the sugar is needed to replace the glycogen stores in the muscle and the spike in insulin helps transport the nutrients (creatine and glucose) to the muscle fibers. I have a significant protein meal after working out as well, and I haven’t noticed any negative effects on my blood sugar from this diet.


Changes


As I have reached my goal, I will no longer be posting my daily recaps. I do have some great recipes coming up including the best diet blue cheese dressing ever.

Friday, May 25, 2007

As I Close In on My Goal, the Loss Continues Slowly

When I found out last week that, based on my body composition using skinfold testing, I was only 7 pounds from my goal, I was excited about pushing across the finish line. The first two months of my diet, I was losing at an average rate of .4 pounds per day, and most recently that has slowed to about .2 pounds per day. When I weighed in at the fitness center today I was a little disappointed to find I had only lost 1 ½ pounds in the last week despite working out more frequently. This continues the trend of .2 pounds of weight lost per day.


I have had some breakthroughs in my strength training and in my work on the treadmill. I have increased my resistance weights and increased my stride and speed on the treadmill. I am probably building muscle and that accounts for the slower loss of weight overall.


I am starting to think about how I will use those extra 600 calories when I go on weight maintenance and, about my new wardrobe.


Current Weight: 164.5 pounds

Cumulative loss: 45.75 pounds

Target weight: 159 pounds, 5.5 pounds away



Here is my dietary recap for the last few days.




Daily Dietary Recap-5/21/2007
Calories Protein Carbohydrates SodiumFat % Calories from Fat
1088.88 69.06 g 160.20 g646.95 mg 12.21 g 9.15%

Daily Dietary Recap-5/22/2007
Calories Protein Carbohydrates SodiumFat % Calories from Fat
1228.71 74.6 g 214.91 g659.36 mg 12.39 g 7.88%

Daily Dietary Recap-5/23/2007
Calories Protein Carbohydrates SodiumFat % Calories from Fat
1377.67 60.74 g 238.13 g407.17 mg 14.99 g 9.07%

Daily Dietary Recap-5/24/2007
Calories Protein Carbohydrates SodiumFat % Calories from Fat
1032.79 49.01 g 205.02 g813.47 mg 11.6 g 9.66%

Friday, May 18, 2007

Rethinking My Goal: Only 7 Pounds Away

I am much closer to my goal than I thought. Today was the day that I had my skin-fold body composition testing. I also had my blood work done, but I won’t have the results from it until Monday. I have been basing my goals loosely on the body mass index (BMI) even though I know that with my workout schedule, 3-4 days per week, I’ve been building muscle as well as losing fat. I was thrilled when I reached the BMI overweight mark and was no longer considered obese. Today I weighed 166 pounds for a total loss of 44.25 pounds. Previously I set a goal for myself of pre-1998 normal according to the BMI for an index of 27.4 even though I knew that the BMI was devised for a sedentary population. I was flying blind and didn’t really know what was appropriate. When the exercise physiologist/Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist at the Ouachita Fitness and Rehabilitation Center, Larry Wood, suggested that he could help me determine my goal based on my body composition, I jumped at the chance.

Larry used a seven-site skinfold test using calipers and, along with body measurements, determined that my body fat percentage was 22.4. My target is now 19%, only 7 pounds away, so my target weight is 159. Larry had to tell me this fact 3 times before it sunk in. I couldn’t believe what I was hearing; I was nearing the end of this road. About 5 weeks ago I had my body fat analyzed using electronic body fat analyzer and if I were considered normal, and not an athlete, it calculated that my body was 30.6%. I told it I was an athlete, if only a 3-4 day per week fitness center one, and it recalculated my body fat at 27%, still not a good number. I still didn’t know whether I was an athlete or not and wasn’t sure what today’s results would show. They are far better than I could have hoped.

My waist-hip ratio has dropped from .958 to .95 and I have gone from moderate risk for heart disease to normal. A ratio of .9 is considered the ideal for men, but at least the risk for my heart is down. Larry said that when I reach my goal he would help me tone up some areas, I said this loose skin and things that sag, and he said yes. He also said that when I go to a maintenance diet of 2000 calories while continuing to build muscle, my weight might go up to 165 or more, but “who cares, if your body fat is 18%?” Who indeed?

Here is my recap for the last two days.

Daily Dietary Recap-5/16/2007
Calories Protein Carbohydrates SodiumFat % Calories from Fat
1015.83 59.39 g 174.01 g1047.9 mg 12.97 g 11.03%


Daily Dietary Recap-5/17/2007
Calories Protein Carbohydrates SodiumFat % Calories from Fat
1252.33 70.92 g 191.84 g1089.36 mg 16.6 g 11.93%

Tuesday, May 15, 2007

Body Composition Testing: Feeling the Pinch

Friday I am going to have two different types of health assessment. In the morning, I will go to the Mena Medical Center to have blood drawn for testing. This is the “after” part of the 8 week walking program I have been participating in as a member of one of four teams from the college and numerous other teams from the community. Our campus wellness committee is paying for the blood work and I will report on it later. In the afternoon, I have an appointment with the Ouachita Rehabilitation and Fitness Center where I work out, to have skinfold body composition testing using calipers.


Body composition testing is intended to reveal the density of the body. The assumption is that there is a relationship between higher levels of body fat and disease conditions such as diabetes, heart disease and high blood pressure. I have written before about the Body Mass Index (BMI) which is a crude measure of body fat and is based on sedentary populations. The BMI is not appropriate for anyone who works out to build muscle, nor does it work on the extremely thin. Body composition analysis is a good way to track progress toward health during weight loss and/or fitness regimes. The recommended levels of body fat for men should range between 8-25 percent, and for women, 21-36 percent.


The most accurate way to measure body fat is to measure it after death, but by then, it’s too late. There are various methods to measure body fat, but the most accurate, on a living person, uses underwater or hydrostatic weighing. This isn’t always the most convenient method because the facilities for such testing are usually only available at research institutions and colleges or universities (not a small rural community college such as mine). Hydrostatic testing is based on the fact that bone and muscle are more dense (have more mass per volume unit) than fat. Fat floats in water so a body with more fat is lighter in the water. The accuracy of hydrostatic testing in vivo is +/- 1.5% error when compared with postmortem testing.


Skinfold Testing


Skinfold testing measures body density by taking measurements of how thick the folds of skin are at several points on the body using calibrated calipers. These measurements do not measure body density (or body fat) directly. Instead, they rely on the thickness of the fat in the skin fold and use equations that correlate with body density, and another equation that correlates with body fat. The body fat percentage is determined from the estimate of body density. Skinfold measurement correlates very well with hydrostatic testing, about .9, and has a standard error of about 3%. The BMI, on the other hand, has a much lower correlation of about .6. Skinfold testing is more convenient than hydrostatic testing and more accurate than simply using the BMI. Measurements are taken from either 7 points on the body, the 7 site skinfold test, or on three sites, the 3 site skinfold test. The 7 site test is slightly more accurate at predicting body fat with a hydrostatic correlation of .9 than the 3 site at .89. The sites that are measured are listed below.


7 site skinfold:

  • chest
  • triceps
  • subscapular
  • axilla
  • suprailiac
  • abdomen
  • thigh

3 site skinfold (Men):

  • chest
  • abdomen
  • thigh

3 Site Skinfold (Women)

  • tricep
  • suprailiac
  • thigh

Here is my recap for the last few days.


Daily Dietary Recap-5/13/2007
Calories Protein Carbohydrates SodiumFat % Calories from Fat
1168.39 60.54 g 194.88 g969.22 mg 16.11 g 12.01%

Daily Dietary Recap-5/14/2007
Calories Protein Carbohydrates SodiumFat % Calories from Fat
1392.54 42.49 g 242.79 g827.94 mg 28.86 g 18.32%

Daily Dietary Recap-5/13/2007
Calories Protein Carbohydrates SodiumFat % Calories from Fat
1168.39 60.54 g 194.88 g969.22 mg 16.11 g 12.01%

Friday, April 6, 2007

Body Mass Index Revisited and Body Fat Index

I had a chance to have my body fat index measured by one of those electronic body fat analyzers today. The extension office loaned us an Omron HBF-306C, a handheld device that uses bioelectrical impedance to measure your body fat. It was easy to use and incredibly fast, about seven seconds to obtain a reading. It also did a crude correction for muscle by having you determine your FIT level using a formula based on frequency of working out, intensity, and length of workout. There were only two categories, normal (sedentary) and athlete. I consider myself far from an athlete but I was well over 60 FIT points needed to be assessed as one.


Ostensibly the loan was for those of us who are participating in the 8 week “Walk for Health”, but it was available to anyone at the college. I have to say that I was impressed. I put myself in as normal and did the test with a result of 30.6%, not a good number. When I chose athlete, it calculated my body fat as 27%. This was better, but still not where I need to be. At least it took my word for having some muscle after 3 months of four-days-a-week workouts.


It also calculated the body mass index (BMI) from the height and weight information I gave it but it came out the same both times. The BMI doesn't make allowances for muscle as it is based on a sedentary population.


Here is my recap from yesterday.




Daily Dietary Recap-4/5/2007
Calories Protein Carbohydrates SodiumFat % Calories from Fat
1165 69.93 g 192.71 g911.97 mg 17.59 g 13.59%